THE HUMAN IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY VIRUS IS NOT EASY TO TRANSMIT

Jaime D. Romero O.
9.661.899
Section: 801
Reading and Writing II

THE HUMAN IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY VIRUS
IS NOT EASY TO TRANSMIT

(Final Version)

AIDS is the abbreviation for the most feared suffering of the last three decades, the Acquired Immune Deficient Syndrome. Since it was discovered in the early 1980’s, this malady has been synonym of death because the huge amount of deceases it has caused, and the fact of a cure has not been discovered until today. In addition of that, ignorance and superstitious have created some myths among the sickness turning it into something you have to fear and avoid by all means. But, contrary what most people believe the acquired immune deficiency syndrome is not easy to transmit, it can be only transmitted by blood, semen, vaginal fluids and mother milk; others ways of transition such as air, saliva, touching, insect sting or sharing with infected people are just fallacies.


The virus that causes AIDS is only transmitted by a fluid way, and according to Vergis and Mellors (2000)[1] “it is necessary that exist a concentration of ten million copies of the HIV virus for milliliter of fluid or more to cause and infection”. Below this concentration level, the virus is not able to attack and break the cell’s membrane, so it can not infect them. The high concentration required for a virus infection can be only found in blood, semen, vaginal fluid and breast milk.


The main cause of HIV transmission is a carrier’s blood in direct contact with a membrane or blood flow of a healthy person. Blood transfusions, surgeries, and syringe sharing are the main cause of the infection by this way. This cause of infection can be reduce to the minimum by analyzing the blood to be transferred before the transfusions, using a new and clean syringe for every shot and using a laser scalpel instead of a regular one in surgeries which avoid the hemorrhages.


Other important cause of HIV infection is the sexual fluids. Semen and vaginal fluid are rich in HIV copies; this fact joined to the verity of sex intercourse produces micro grazes on the membranes of the sexual organs, create an environment where the virus can pass easily from a person to his/her sexual partner’s membranes and blood. In the anal intercourse is easiest to transfer the virus than in the vaginal intercourse, due to the bloody nature of the anal and rectal membranes. The risk of get and HIV infection through sexual intercourse can be reduced with the use of condoms, this physical barrier does not allow fluid exchange. No one HIV infection has been reported in cases where condoms have been used.


Mother milk is also a way of HIV transmission. Infected mother milk can not be supplied to a baby, because the infection has been produced in 100% of the laboratory cases when this milk has took contact with the organs of the digest system. When the mother is HIV positive, her baby has to be feed with artificial or animal milk. Out of the breast-feeding, the mother can look after her baby in a normal way without risk of contagion.


Other ways of HIV infected are just fallacies. Deep kisses are considered for many people as a HIV infection way, but only if one of the kissers have a bloody injured in the inner parts of the mouth the blood can take contact with the membranes, otherwise the infection can not be possible because saliva itself has not the enough concentration of the HIV to produce it. Air is an impossible way of contagion due to the virus can not live in a dry environment and dies few minutes after it is out of the body; this fact makes impossible too the infection by touching and sharing utensils with a contagious person. Insect stings are unfeasible ways of contagious because the animal saliva can not have the enough concentration of the virus to infect a person, and the virus is impossible to be transmitted from an animal to a person because the HIV can not infect animal cells.


In conclusion, the human immune-deficient virus can not be transmitted easily, it is necessary to have a contact between a membrane or blood flow of a healthy person with a fluid from an infected person, which has a high concentration of the virus; otherwise, the infection can not be produced. Other ways of infection are just fallacies, caused by the ignorance and prejudices of people. More that 25.000.000 people have died for AIDS complications since the syndrome was recognized in 1981, much of then have died because of their ignorance more than the infection power of the malady. It is time to begin teaching instead of losing more and more lives.

[1] Veréis, E. and Mellors, J. (2000). Natural History of the HVI-1 infection. Infection Disease Clinics of North America. December 14(4):809-825. University of Pittburgh Medical Center.

THE HUMAN IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY VIRUS IS NOT EASY TO TRANSMIT

Jaime D. Romero O.
9.661.899
Section: 801
Reading and Writing II

THE HUMAN IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY VIRUS
IS NOT EASY TO TRANSMIT
(First Draft)

AIDS is the abbreviation for the most feared suffering of the last three decades, the Acquired Immune Deficient Syndrome. Since it was discovered in the early 1980’s, this malady has been synonym of death because the huge amount of deceases it has caused, and the fact of a cure has not been discovered until today. In addition to that, ignorance and superstitious have created some myths among the sickness turning it into something you have to fear and avoid by all means. But, contrary what most people believe the acquired immune deficiency syndrome is not easy to transmit, and all the beliefs that support the contrary such as air, saliva, touching, insect sting or sharing with infected people as way of transitions are just fallacies.


This series of fallacies began in the early eighties when AIDS emerged like a infection got only for homosexual people, and most of the population did not take care about this circumstance, because it was considered a gay matter. But this situation changed in few years when more and more heterosexual people from different social, economic and geographical environment were reported as AIDS sufferer. This fact united to the reality that nobody knew how the malady was transmitted created a series of wrong beliefs about the way of contagious of the syndrome.


In addition to the previous fact, AIDS emerged suddenly, causing death to million of people around the world, giving the wrong idea of being easy contagious, but in fact, AIDS is not easy to be infected, it is necessary that a high concentration of the virus which produce the malady in the corporal fluids of the infected person takes contact with the corporal fluids of other person to the infection can be done, otherwise the contagion is impossible.

The virus that causes AIDS is only transmitted by a fluid way, and according to Vergis and Mellors (2000)[1] “it is necessary that exist a concentration of 1 x 10 e6 o 1 x 10 e7 copies of the HIV virus for milliliter of fluid or more to cause and infection”. Under this concentration level the virus is not able to attack and break the cell’s membrane, so it can not infected them. The high concentration required for a virus infection can be only found in blood, semen, vaginal fluid, preseminal fluid and breast milk.
The main cause of HIV transfer is a direct blood contact with a membrane or blood getting directly into the circulatory system. Blood transfusions, surgeries, and syringe sharing are the main cause of the contagion by this way. But realizing analyses to the blood to be transfusioned, using a new and clean syringe for every shot and using a laser scalpel instead of a regular one, the risks of getting and HIV infection are reduced to the minimum.

Minor causes of HIV infection are the sexual fluids. Semen and vaginal fluid are rich in HIV copies; this fact joined to the verity of sex intercourse produces micro grazes on the sexual organs’ membranes created an environment where the virus can pass easily from a person body to his/her sexual partner. In the anal intercourse is easiest to transfer the virus than in the vaginal intercourse, due to the bloody nature of the anal and rectal membrane. The risk of get and HIV infection through sexual intercourse can be reduced with the use of condoms, this physical barrier does not allow fluid exchange. No one HIV infection has been reported in cases where condoms were used.

Mother milk is also a way of HIV transfer. Infected mother milk can not supply to a baby at all. When the mother is HIV positive her baby has to be feed with artificial or animal milk, because the contact of the mother milk with the digestive system’s membranes can cause the infection.


Other ways of HIV infected are just fallacies. Deep kisses are considered for many people as a HIV infection way, but only if one of the kissers have a bloody injured in the inner parts of the mouth the blood can take contact with the membranes, otherwise the infection can not be possible because saliva itself has not the enough concentration of the HIV to produce it. Air is an impossible way of contagion due to the virus can not live in a dry environment and dies few minutes after it is out of the body; this fact makes impossible too the contagion by touching and sharing utensils with a contagious person. Insect stings are unfeasible ways of contagious because the animal saliva can not have the enough concentration of the virus to infect a person, and the virus is impossible to be transmitted from an animal to a person.


In conclusion, the human immune-deficient virus can not be transmitted easily, it is necessary to have a contact of a virus high concentration fluid from an infected person with a membrane or blood of a healthy individual; otherwise the infection can not be produced. Other ways of infection are just fallacies, caused by the ignorance and prejudices of people.


More that 25.000.000 people have died for AIDS complications since the syndrome was recognized in 1981, much of then have died because of their ignorance more than for the infection. It is time to begin teaching instead of losing more and more lives.

[1] Veréis, E. and Mellors, J. (2000). Natural History of the HVI-1 infection. Infection Disease Clinics of North America. December 14(4):809-825. university of Pittburgh Medical Center.

HUMAN IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY VIRUS IN NOT EASY TO INFECT


PRO

1.- HIV needs special conditions to be transmitted.

HIV needs a concentration higher than 106 copies of the virus for milometer of fluid. And this concentration only can be found in:
************• Blood
************• Sexual Fluid
************• Maternal milk
This fact states that only in direct contact with this fluid the virus can be transmitted from an infected person to a healthy one.

2.- The HIV can not live more that a couple of minutes in direct contact with the air. For that reason it is impossible get an HIV infection for talking with and infected persons, or for contact with his/her belongings.

3.- The sting of insect can not transmits the virus because the concentration of the virus in the saliva of the insect is not enough.

AGAINST

1.- Like the flu virus, HIV can be infected by the body fluids

Some corporal fluids do not have the enough concentration of virus to produce an infection. In this groups of fluid can be found:
************· The Saliva
************· Sweating
************· Tears
For the previous reason is impossible to get a HIV infection just for kissing, a direct touch on the naked skin, or for contact with tears.

2.- The AIDS is caused for a virus, for that reason as the flu, it can be transmitted by the air, or for contact with utensils.

3.- The stings of insects can transmits the infection, similar to the transfer of malaria.

HAVIN HIVDOES NOT MEAN HAVING AIDS
(Test Version)

By Jaime D. Romero O.

The humanity has faced many mortal diseases through the ages, some of them have been consider as epidemics and have caused plenty of deaths around the world. Plagues as the bubonic destroyed half of the population of Europe in the twelfth century, venereal diseases were the plague for the nineteenth and twentieth century, and lately the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has presented itself as the plague of the twenty-first century.

The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is nowadays the first cause of massive death around the globe. The devastation of this suffering is so huge that there is a direct association between AIDS and death. The main cause for considering that a person has AIDS is that he/she presents the Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) in his/her body system. It is believed that the presence of the HIV in the body is the same of having AIDS. But this belief is wrong, just for having HIV a person cannot be considered as an AIDS patient, it is necessary to present other characteristics such as being genetically predisposed to allow the HIV infected the body cells and to have at least one of a bunch of opportunistic sickness.

The presence of the Human Immune Deficiency Virus in the body system means that a person is a carrier of the infection, this can happened with out any manifestation in the person health, so this person can have the infection for years with out a damage to his/her health. The presence of the infection does not mean that the person have AIDS, just means that this person have a virus in his/her systems which can attacks the cells, unchanging a series of changing in the system which can finish in and AIDS case, but this result is not necessary supposed to happen. There are some people who can have the HIV in their system for a large time but the virus cannot penetrate the cells causing an infections, this is called natural resistance against HIV.

The capacity of stop the penetration of the HIV into the cells is known as natural resistance against HIV. This genetic characteristic is not common, only few people have it. For having this condition it is necessary to have a variation of a gene called DELTA-34, which work in the defense system against cell infections. This variation of the DELTA-34 gene only presented in those cases where both parents have it, and it does not allow the virus to penetrate the cell membrane. So the individual can have a presence of virus in his/her body but the virus cannot penetrate the cell in order to reproduce itself, resulting in the elimination of the virus from the system due to the natural defense system of the body. The people who have a natural resistance against HIV can have the virus in theirs system, and because they are not predisposed to allow the HIV infected the body cells they never develop the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.

When people do not have a natural resistance against HIV, the virus penetrates the body cells and reproduces itself. In this process the virus destroys the defense system’s cells setting the body in a state of defenseless, which is know as Immune Deficiency State, this suffering is not consider as AIDS because AIDS as a syndrome needs to present a combination of sickness known as opportunists. But not everyone who has an immune deficiency state has to acquire an opportunistic sickness; this depends on the recurrence of viral sickness in the geographical location where the individual lives.

In places such as the African countries pneumonia is the main opportunistic sickness that attacks the people in an immune deficiency state for HIV infection. When people have this sickness because of their immune deficiency state for HIV infection, they are diagnosed as an AIDS patient, and they finally die because of that suffering. In other parts of the planet the opportunists sickness are different, but people immune deficiency patient usually have one. There are exception for this rule, in the Nordic countries which have not had epidemics for generations and the environment is clear of opportunistic viruses the immune deficiency patient can live for years even for decades free of opportunistic infections, so in this country a patient can be diagnosed immune deficient because of an HIV infection and this individual does not develop AIDS.

In conclusion to be diagnosed as an AIDS patient is necessary to present a series of conditions, such as to have the Human Immune Deficiency Virus in the body system, that this virus had attack the cells and reproduced itself destroying the defense system cells in the process, causing the condition known as Immune Deficiency state. And finally as a consequence of this defenseless state of the body acquire one opportunistic sickness. If one step of the process can no be executed the individual cannot be diagnose as an AIDS patient. So the fact of having HIV no necessary means to have AIDS.

It is a common belief that HIV is synonymous of AIDS, and for that reason many HIV diagnosed patients think that theirs lives has to finish soon. But in fact and HIV patient can have a large live and never develop AIDS.

HAVING HIV DOES NOT MEAN HAVING AIDS
(Final Version)

By Jaime Romero.

Through the ages the human kind has faced many mortal diseases, some of them have been considered plagues. Every period of times has had it own plague, the Bubonic Plague for example, was the mortal malady for the 14th century; it killed half of the population of Europe by that time. Venereal diseases such as gonorrhea and syphilis were the devastation of the 19th and early 20th century. And lately, the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) shows itself as the plague for the 21st century.

The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is nowadays according to the World Health Organization the first cause of death around the world, killing around 45 million people in 2005. This devastation permits the direct association between AIDS and death, and everything about the syndrome has been associated with death too. The simple fact of being infected with the virus, which causes the disease, makes people believe that the contaminated person is going to die soon. But in fact, people do not die just because they are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus; other causes such as being genetically predisposed to reproduce the immunodeficiency virus and have an opportunistic infection are necessaries to be considered as an AIDS patient.

The main cause for considering a person as an AIDS-patient is being infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). AIDS is not considered a sickness but a syndrome. Cambridge University (2003) define the word syndrome as “the combination of medical problems that come together”, which means that Aids is not a single medical problem but a combination of them. According to Marx (1982) “the main characteristic of this syndrome is the specific damage to the immune system caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)”. This virus attacks the immunity cells of the organism in order to reproduce itself, destroying the cells in the process, which causes a decrease on the defense capacity of the body against sicknesses. This is called “acquired immunodeficiency”.

But not only the presence of the HIV in the person’s organism is enough to considerer that this individual has to develop AIDS, once in the system the virus needs that the person has a genetic predisposition to let it attack the cells and reproduce itself into the cellular body, and not everybody has this genetic condition. Some people have a variation or mutation in her/his genes that does not allow HIV to infect the cells. This characteristic which is transmitted by heredity is not common, only a very few people has it, and it is necessary that both parents present this mutation to transmit the HIV resistant gene to the next generation. O'Brien, Stephen, Dean and Michael (1997) remark about this capacity of resistance against HIV attacks that:

[1]On the tenor of some new discoveries there are people who are partial or totally resistant to HIV infections because of their genes, to be more accurate, because of a variant of the Delta-34 gene, which is involve in the immunity function. (P. 2)

The presence of the Delta-34 gene in the DNA structure of a person allows the cells to create a chemically different membrane which does not allow HIV to attack the cells. The virus can be present in the organism systems but the destruction of the immune system never occurs, this mean that the person can have the virus but she/he is never going to develop the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.

Even thought a person has the human immunodeficiency virus in her/his body, and the virus had undermined her/his immunologic system, this person cannot be considered as an AIDS patient; it is necessary that this person develops one or more of a group of opportunist sickness related to AIDS. This bunch of illness receives the name of “opportunist” because they take advantage of the defenseless state of the immunologic system to attack. Many HIV infected people develop this kind of sickness, but not all of them have to. Vergis and Mellors (1995) refer to this unnecessary suffering for the HIV patient with the following words:

The HIV infected patient is predisposed to suffer the highest frequency infections of the natural environment where he/she lives. In Africa Tuberculosis present itself as the main HIV opportunistic sickness; in USA, Canada and Europe toxoplasmosis is an important cause of hospitalization for HIV patients, … but in countries such as Switzerland and Sweden which do not have epidemics since two or three decades ago, HIV patients usually do not present any severe opportunistic sickness, so they can have a large and apparently healthy life for decades. (Pp. 3, 5)

In conclusion and according to the previously exposed facts, having HIV is not enough for a person be considered an AIDS patient, it is necessary other factors such as being genetically predisposed to reproduce the virus and have at least one of a bunch of opportunistic infection. If the previous combination is not completed the person can be considered infected by HIV, but not an AIDS patient.

Many people think that theirs lives are finished when they are diagnosed HIV infected, and that is not true. The diagnosis of HIV is just the first step in a sequence, which could finish in an AIDS situation, but not always. HIV infected even AIDS patient can have a long and productive life.

References
Cambridge University (2003). Cambridge Advance Learner’s Dictionary.[Compact Disc Encyclopedia].[Search Item: Syndrome]. Cambridge University Press. Version 1.

Marx, J. L. (1982). "New disease baffles medical community". Science Magazine 618-621. PubMed.

O'Brien, Stephen, Dean and Michael.(1997) Genes que oponen resistencia al Sida. Barcelona-Spain. Prensa Científica Editor.

Vergis E, and J. Mellors (2000). Infectious Disease Clinics of North America University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Chapter I.
[1] A tenor de ciertos descubrimientos recientes, hay personas que son parcial o totalmente resistentes a las infecciones del VIH gracias a sus genes; para ser más exactos a cierta variante del gen Delta-34 implicado en la función inmunitaria.

Cause and Effect Essay - HAVING HIV DOES NOT MEAN HAVING AIDS

HAVING HIV DOES NOT MEAN HAVING AIDS

By Jaime Romero.

Through the ages the human kind has faced many mortal diseases, some of them have been considered as plagues. Every period of times has had it own plague, the Bubonic Plague for example, was the mortal malady for the 14th century; it killed half the people living in Europe. Venereal diseases such as gonorrhea and syphilis were the devastation of the 19th and early 20th centuries. And lately, the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) shows itself as the plague for the 21st century.

The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is nowadays according to the World Health Organization the first cause of death around the world, killing around 45 million people in 2005. This devastation permit the direct association between AIDS and death, and everything about the syndrome has been associated with death too. The simple fact of being infected with the virus which causes the disease makes people believe that the contaminated person is going to die soon. But in fact, people do not die just because they are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus; other causes such as being genetically predisposed to reproduce the immunodeficiency virus and finally have an opportunistic infection are necessaries to be considered as an AIDS patient.

The main cause for considering a person as an AIDS-patient is being infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). AIDS is not considered a sickness but a syndrome. Cambridge University (2003) define the word syndrome as “the combination of medical problems that come together”, which means that Aids is not a single medical problem but a combination of them. According to Marx (1982) “the main characteristic of this syndrome is the specific damage to the immune system caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)”. This virus attacks the immunity cells of the organism in order to reproduce itself, destroying the cells in the process which causes a decrease on the defense capacity of the body against sicknesses, which is call “acquired immunodeficiency”. Without the presence of the HIV is not possible to considerer that a person have AIDS.

But not only the presence of the HIV in the person’s organism is enough to considerer that this person has to develop AIDS, once in the system the virus needs that the person has a genetic predisposition to let it attack the cells and reproduce itself into the cells, and not everybody has this genetic condition. Some people have a variation in her/his genes, and this does not allow HIV to infect the cells. O'Brien, Stephen, Dean and Michael (1997) remark about this capacity of resistance against HIV attacks that:
[1]On the tenor of some new discoveries there are people who are partial or totally resistant to HIV infections because of their genes, to be more accurate, because of a variant of the Delta-34 gene, which is involve in the immunity function. (P. 2)
The presence of the Delta-34 gene in the DNA structure of a person allows the cells to create a chemically different membrane which does not allow HIV to attack the cells. The virus can be present in the organism systems but the destruction of the immune system never occurs, this mean that the person can have the virus but she/he is never going to develop the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.

Even thought a person has the human immunodeficiency virus in her/his body, and the virus had undermined her/his immunologic system, this person cannot be considered as an AIDS patient; it is necessary that this person develops one o more of a group of opportunist sickness related to AIDS. This bunch of illness receives the name of “opportunist” because they take advantage of the defenseless state of the immunologic system to attack. Many HIV infected people develop this kind of sickness, but not all of them have to. Vergis and Mellors (1995) refer to this unnecessary suffering for the HIV patient with the following words:

The HIV infected patient is predisposed to suffer the highest frequency infections of the natural environment where he/she lives. In Africa Tuberculosis present itself as the main HIV opportunistic sickness; in USA, Canada and Europe toxoplasmosis is an important cause of hospitalization for HIV patients, … but in countries such as Switzerland and Sweden which do not epidemics since two or three decades ago, HIV patients usually do not present any severe opportunistic sickness, so they can have a large and apparently healthy life for decades. (Pp. 3, 5)

In conclusion and according to the previously exposed facts, having HIV is not enough for a person be considered an AIDS patient, it is necessary other factors such as being genetically predisposed to reproduce the virus and have at least one of a bunch of opportunistic infection. If the previous combination is not completed the person can be considered infected by HIV, but not an AIDS patient.

Many people think that theirs lives are finished when they are diagnosed HIV infected, and that is not true. The HIV’s diagnose it just the first step in a sequence which could finish in an AIDS situation, but not always. HIV infected even AIDS patient can have a long and productive life.

References
Cambridge University (2003). Cambridge Advance Learner’s Dictionary.[Compact Disc Encyclopedia].[Search Item: Syndrome]. Cambridge University Press. Version 1.

Marx, J. L. (1982). "New disease baffles medical community". Science Magazine 618-621. PubMed.

O'Brien, Stephen, Dean and Michael.(1997) Genes que oponen resistencia al Sida. Barcelona-Spain. Prensa Científica Editor.

Vergis E, and J. Mellors (2000). Infectious Disease Clinics of North America University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Chapter I.

[1] A tenor de ciertos descubrimientos recientes, hay personas que son parcial o totalmente resistentes a las infecciones del VIH gracias a sus genes; para ser más exactos a cierta variante del gen Delta-34 implicado en la función inmunitaria.

Classificatory Essay - Computer Programming Languages

WHAT COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE LEARN FIRST

By Jaime D. Romero O.


In the contemporary world computers have a jutting place in the society, in fact they are the easiest to find apparatus in our technological civilization. The professions related to computer are very common and diverse; hardware fixing, system analysis and programming are the more common specializations, but the last one has the most fearsome reputation.

Even though programming is the better paid branch of the computer sciences it is the less chosen profession. The big number of languages for computer programming is enough to scare any person interested in learn his/her first computer command language. When people has notice about there are about two thousand and five hundred different computer languages they usually collapse in front of the uncertainty of what language learn first. But this decision is not as difficult as people think. Regardless of their large number, the computer programming languages can be classified in three different kinds: machine language, low level languages and high level languages. Any people who wants to learn programming for first time only has to choose the language that fixes his/her necessities the best.

The first category of computer programming languages is the machine language. This is the oldest computer programming language and still today is the only language that computers can “speak”. This is the language of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) of the computer, which works as the brain in the human body. There are many different models and types of CPUs, and this characteristic lets computers be different among them. Because of this difference among CPUs there is a particular way of programming each CPU and this is what a machine language does.

The machine languages are generally used by those programmers who need to control every single part of the computer directly. This language has the characteristic of being the fastest among the languages in general, because the computer does not need translations due to the programmer is “speaking” in the computer natural language. On the other hand this language is the most difficult to learn. It has not anything in common with the human language and only expert in computer hardware can manage to use it. For that reason beginner programmer usually do not learn this language at first.

The second category is the low level languages. This kind of languages appeared to make easier the process of programming. Different from machine language the high level languages are not designed for a specific CPU, which allows programmer to use this kind of language in any computer. In these languages each instruction is assigned to a code, so instead of using the natural machine’s code the programmer would only need to remember short codes. For this reason the low level languages are more commonly used than the machine language to program the CPUs directly.

The low level languages are commonly used for Computer Designers and Electronic Engineers who have to prove their computer prototypes. These languages are slower than machine language, but the difference in speed is so minimal that humans can not notice it; this characteristic makes this kind of computer languages be very attractive to program the CPU directly, leaving behind the machine language. But this kind of languages needs a special knowledge about the functioning of the operating systems, so the programmers have to be an expert in software in order to do a successful work. As a custom Only Computer Design students and Electronic Engineers trainees learn this kind of languages at first.

The last but not the less important kind of computer programming language is high level languages. The most of computer languages are contained in this kind. They constitute the newest way of computer programming. This kind of languages is thought to be the most similar to the human languages, especially to English. Making a program using this kind of language is like talk to the computer in a human language, for this reason the languages in this kind are well-liked and popular among programmers in general.

The high level languages are used for many kinds of users; students, commercial programmer, scientists and any person who wants to personalize his/her own computers use them. This kind of languages is the slowest and needs several steps to translate the pseudo-human language into the code that computers use, but due to the advances made in software engineering all those steps can be execute just by clicking an icon on the computer screen. Through the using of this group of languages can be program any type of software, and especial knowledge about the computers hardware or software is not needed. The previous fact shows this kind of computer programming languages as the perfect kind of language to be learned for beginners in the art of computer programming.

In conclusion, the computer programming world of today has been filled for a multitude of language, and every programmer has to choose what language learns first. This selection seems to be hard at the beginning, but if the programmer knows what he/she needs the computer language for, the choosing process can be simplified. There are only three kinds of computer languages to choose. If the person is an expert in the architecture of the central processing unit of the computer and wants to control every little part of it, the machine language kind is recommended. If the beginner programmer has some knowledge of computer hardware and software and needs to control the computer in a completely way must choose the low level computer programming language. But if the person has not knowledge about computers hardware and software, or even he/she is and expert in those subject but like a more natural way to program a computer the high level computer language is the best choice.

At the beginning of the computer science there was only a language, and now after around forty years there are more than two thousand, which indicates that more and more languages are going to come in the near future. If you are a beginner programmer or even a completely expert in the art of commanding a computer you do not need to fear of this prediction, because to program a computer is only needed to know one language and the special feature is that you can choose it.

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